Canadian legal research & verification

Your AI already drafts. WarmLoop makes it citable in a Canadian court.

Verified Canadian case law and legislation, inside the assistant you already use. Every citation checked before it reaches the page, and a verified record you can hand to the court.

Data stays in Canada · built and tested daily in real litigation practice
Built for Claude and ChatGPT; works with any MCP-compatible assistant.
Why this matters now

AI that invents case law is getting lawyers sanctioned personally. Now the regulators have started too.

This isn't a cautionary hypothetical. In barely two years, courts in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Nova Scotia and the Federal Court have caught fabricated, AI-generated authorities in filings. The consequences have climbed from a warning, to costs against the lawyer personally, to solicitor–client costs, to a contempt show-cause order, and in July 2026 to a law society tribunal finding that the lawyer had failed to meet the standard of a competent lawyer. It's on the record, and it cuts both ways: your citations can be fabricated, and so can the other side's.

The consequences are real, and they land on whoever signs the document.

Reddy v Saroya
2025 ABCA 322 · 2026 ABCA 20 · Alberta C.A.

An appeal factum drafted by a contractor using a large language model: "nearly half of the cases listed in the table of authorities were non-existent." Lead counsel was ordered to pay $17,550 in costs, personally. That was consistent, the Court held, with the principle that "…the lawyer whose name appears on the filed document bears ultimate responsibility for the material's form and contents…"

Ko v Li → Law Society of Ontario v Lee
2025 ONSC 2766 · 2965 · 2026 ONLSTH 136

A factum built on hallucinated cases; counsel was ordered to show cause on contempt. The show-cause was withdrawn on her undertaking to take professional-development courses and not to bill the client for the tainted motion. Fourteen months later the discipline tribunal found that "the Lawyer failed to perform legal services for her client to the standard of a competent lawyer."

National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v Canada
2026 FC 382 · Federal Court

Counsel filed four decisions that "simply do not exist." The Court ordered costs on a solicitor–client basis, payable by counsel personally.

Kapahi Real Estate v Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto
2026 ONSC 1438 · the next generation

The cases were real and the citations correct. The quotations attributed to them were not. "But then counsel added quotations from the cases. The quotations do not exist in the cases. The quotations are fake." Checking that a case exists is no longer enough.

Zhang v Chen
2024 BCSC 285 · the one that started it

Opposing counsel caught the fabrications. Citing fake cases is "…an abuse of process and is tantamount to making a false statement to the court." The additional expense was ordered borne personally by the lawyer.

T.B. v K.M.
2025 SKKB 176 · Saskatchewan K.B.

A self-represented litigant's brief of law cited cases that "do not exist or do not exist by the name, nor do they represent the principles K.M. suggests they do." The successful party was denied his costs anyway: "Fabricating law is unacceptable…"

And it isn't slowing down.

Haddadi v Soleimani · 2026 ONSC 3920: a cited rule that doesn't exist, "Rule 61.09(1)(d) does not exist." Hussein v Canada · 2025 FC 1060 · 1138: "…an attempt to mislead the Court and to conceal the reliance…"; costs against counsel personally Djatsa v Canada · 2026 FC 729: every case cited was fictitious; the record was struck from the court file DJ v SN · 2025 ABCA 383: three non-existent authorities, $500 costs, and a warning of "more substantial penalties" Krivaia v Hungerford · 2026 BCSC 408: "…their failure to check and independently verify the authenticity of their legal authorities is a serious oversight." Muzyka v Tilk · 2025 SKPC 19: quoted words that "appear nowhere in it" Wu v Murray · 2025 BCCA 365: two false cases on a central point; costs Lloyd's Register Canada Ltd v Choi · 2025 FC 1233: motion record removed from the file; $500 costs Mazac v Muise · 2026 NSSC 138: Nova Scotia

And the rules have caught up.

Ontario

Since 2024, a factum must carry a signed statement certifying that the signer is satisfied as to the authenticity of every authority cited in it.

Federal Court

Any use of generative AI in materials prepared for litigation must be declared. Failing to declare it has itself drawn sanctions.

Alberta

A tri-court notice directs parties to rely on authoritative sources for case law, and warns against expecting leniency for a failure to comply.

B.C. & Nova Scotia

Filing directives put responsibility for the authenticity and accuracy of everything filed on the person who files it, counsel and self-represented alike.

The duty is yours.

Read across these decisions and the through-line is unmistakable. As the Ontario Superior Court put it in Ko v Li, "…the proverbial buck stops with counsel", and "counsel may not mis-state or misrepresent the law to the court whether by way of AI hallucinations or by any other means." Nor is the duty counsel's alone: "Every person who submits authorities to the court has an obligation to ensure that those authorities exist and stand for the propositions for which they are advanced." Good faith, an apology, a contractor, a "trusted" tool: these have mitigated the sanction. Not one of them has erased it.

Every brief you sign, you certify. The obligation to verify that each authority exists, says what you claim, and is quoted accurately rests with the person who files it, not with the tool. That's the gap WarmLoop closes.

How it works

It plugs into the assistant you already use.

WarmLoop isn't a portal you log into and it isn't a place to upload your file. It connects your assistant to Canadian law, to a verification service, and to WarmLoop's own drafting method, and then gets out of the way.

1

Connect it once

One connection, over the open Model Context Protocol. No second application to learn, no documents to upload, no new place to keep your files.

2

Work the way you already work

Ask in plain language, or reach for the commands: /wl-research to open an issue, /wl-cite-check to check a draft (yours or theirs), /wl-memo to build one, /wl-audit before it goes out.

3

It writes into your templates

Work comes back as a Word document with genuine auto-numbering, built on WarmLoop's brief, submission, memo and letter templates. Send us the precedents your firm already files and we will adapt them, so the output arrives in your own house style.

What you get

Research, verification, and a record you can hand over.

Three capabilities, all reached from inside your assistant. You stay the decision-maker throughout.

Research

Law you can cite

Retrieval over publicly available Canadian judicial decisions and legislation, ranked for the forum you are actually in.

  • Every province and territory and the federal courts, searched by issue rather than by keyword alone. The tribunals beneath them, the court rules and municipal bylaws too, and First Nations law, beginning with one Saskatchewan First Nation
  • Ranked by what binds you, not by what reads closest. A trial decision quoting the rule does not outrank the judgment that made it
  • Note-up: whether it is still good law, with the unanalyzed remainder stated by court level, not hidden
  • Links to the public, official source are passed through from the record, never constructed. No verified link means a citation without one, not a guess
  • Honest coverage answers: "not held" means WarmLoop does not hold it, never that it does not exist
Verification

Check the draft: yours or theirs

Point it at a paragraph, a factum, or the other side's brief. It reports back on every authority, extractively.

  • Does the decision exist, under the name and citation given
  • Is the quoted passage verbatim, and is the pinpoint right
  • Does it support the proposition it is cited for, and is it still good law
  • Three answers, never one: verified, verify manually, or contradicted. It tells you which and why
Publishing

Turn a brief into a record

A finished brief becomes an immutable, server-re-verified record at record.warmloop.com, with its evidence located in the exhibits themselves.

  • The server re-checks the whole document itself before anything is published
  • Every quoted passage highlighted on the page of the exhibit it came from
  • Restricted by default, drafts and finals, every version kept with a redline
  • See how the record works →
24 method topics, served live
8 slash commands
4 Word templates with genuine auto-numbering
0 documents you have to upload anywhere
The verification loop

Checked twice: once in your session, and again by the server.

Most legal AI generates first and hopes the citations are real. WarmLoop closes the loop: the authorities come from the record rather than from memory, every one is checked before it reaches your page, and when the document is published the server throws away those results and checks it all again itself.

1

Retrieve

Every answer is grounded in a continuously updated corpus of publicly available Canadian judicial decisions and legislation, reached live from your assistant.

2

Cite

Authorities are drawn from that corpus, not from the model's memory, and never with a link WarmLoop cannot vouch for. Where no verified link is held, you get the citation without one.

3

Verify

Each citation is checked four ways: the decision exists, the pinpoint is right, the quoted words are verbatim, and it supports the proposition it is cited for.

4

Re-verify at publish

When a brief becomes a record, every result your session produced is discarded at the boundary and the server re-runs the whole check itself. What a reader sees is the server's finding, not your assistant's.

You stay in the loop, and you stay the decision-maker. WarmLoop machine-checks; it does not review or endorse your argument.

record.warmloop.com

A brief you can hand to the other side, with the evidence linked.

Publish a finished brief and it becomes an immutable record. Its reader clicks a quoted passage and sees it boxed on the page of the exhibit it actually came from. Not a page reference to go and look up: the passage itself, in the source document.

That last sentence is the point, and it is not softened anywhere. WarmLoop checks what can be checked, says exactly what it checked, and stops there. The argument is yours.

  • The quote, on the page it came from.Each evidence passage is located in the exhibit's own bytes and highlighted in a viewer beside the brief. A reader does not take the citation on trust and does not go hunting for it.
  • Re-verified by the server, not by your session.Every result the drafting session produced is discarded at the boundary. The server re-runs the citation check on every case, re-checks every enactment against the legislation it holds, and re-locates every quoted passage.
  • It blocks rather than ships a bad record.A failed case cite, an unlocatable quote, bytes that do not match the declared hash: the publish comes back needing attention, with every finding listed, and nothing is published.
  • Restricted by default.Readers are named when you publish, and each proves an email address with a one-time code. There are no reader accounts. Every view, code and denial is logged. Public records do not exist yet.
  • Draft or final, and every version kept.Each version is stamped one or the other. A republish makes the next version; earlier ones stay readable with a superseded notice, and from the second version on there is a redline with a numbered, clickable change list.
  • Canada only, with no way out.Exhibits are stored encrypted in Canada and served through an authenticated route on the record host. No CDN, no presigned download links, no copy held anywhere else.
Confidentiality & Canadian sovereignty

Built for privileged work, hosted in Canada.

Solicitor-client privilege and Law Society confidentiality duties aren't features you bolt on afterward. They shape how WarmLoop is built.

Canadian-resident data

Client material is processed and stored in Canadian AWS regions (ca-central-1, Montreal), not routed to the United States by default.

Privilege-aware by design

Confidentiality obligations and cross-border exposure under the U.S. CLOUD Act are treated as design constraints, and the reason for a Canada-first architecture.

Our own stack, in Canada

Retrieval runs on WarmLoop's own hardware in Saskatchewan rather than a rented American API, and published records are served from Canada with no CDN and no presigned download links.

Who it's for

Built for anyone who signs a brief.

Every litigator personally signs the briefs they file, and every one of them, from the solo practitioner to the largest firm, can be sanctioned for an authority that doesn't hold up. WarmLoop gives a firm of any size the same verification discipline, and brings it, for the first time, to the solo and small firms the enterprise suites have always priced out.

  • Firms of every size. From the solo without an associate to the litigation team that wants a second set of eyes on every citation. A seat is named to one lawyer.
  • A knowable, fixed cost. Licensed per seat, so the price of the file is predictable before you take it, and the research and verification work can be accounted for the way firms already account for research and technology charges.
  • Flat-fee & unbundled practices. The efficiency to charge a fixed fee and still make the file worth taking.
  • Access to justice. The courts are catching fabricated authorities from self-represented litigants as well as from counsel. Bringing verified law within reach of the people priced out of counsel, with a lawyer in the loop, is where this is pointed. It is a direction, not yet a product you can buy.
"I built WarmLoop for my own files first. It earns its place in my practice every day. That's the only standard that matters for work you put your name on."
Nathan Phillips · Founder & President, WarmLoop Ltd. · practising Canadian litigator, Regina
Early access

Put a verifier in your corner.

Early access is a seat, connected to the assistant you already use, set up with you on a call. WarmLoop enables each one by hand while the service is in testing, so tell us what you litigate and where, and we'll take it from there.